In which situation is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy indicated?

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is specifically indicated for patients experiencing severe respiratory distress, particularly when they have conditions such as congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or pneumonia. The primary goal of CPAP is to maintain positive airway pressure throughout the respiratory cycle, which helps keep the alveoli open and improves oxygenation and ventilation by preventing the collapse of lung structures.

When a patient is in severe respiratory distress, they typically exhibit signs such as labored breathing, hypoxia, or significant work of breathing. CPAP can relieve these symptoms by increasing functional residual capacity in the lungs and improving oxygenation, ultimately reducing the need for intubation and mechanical ventilation in many cases. It is critical in managing patients who have not yet compromised their airway reflexes and are still able to breathe on their own.

In contrast, the other situations listed do not warrant CPAP use. Patients with stable respiratory function would not benefit from CPAP since their airway does not require the additional support. Those suffering from anxiety disorders may experience shortness of breath but do not necessarily require CPAP as their primary issue is psychological rather than mechanical airway obstruction. Finally, while CPAP can prevent the need for mechanical ventilation, it is not the