What does a “flail chest” indicate?

A "flail chest" indicates the presence of multiple rib fractures that create instability in the thoracic wall. This condition typically arises when a segment of the rib cage becomes detached from the rest of the thoracic structure, resulting in a paradoxical movement during respiration. Instead of expanding outward during inhalation, the affected segment moves inward, which can severely compromise the patient's ability to breathe effectively and can lead to respiratory distress.

Flail chest is often the result of blunt trauma, such as from a car accident or fall, and may be accompanied by other serious injuries, such as pulmonary contusions. The instability of the thoracic wall not only affects lung function but can also reduce the capacity for adequate ventilation and gas exchange, posing a significant threat to the patient's oxygenation and overall stability. Understanding flail chest is crucial for managing trauma patients, as appropriate interventions, including potential mechanical ventilation support or surgical stabilization, may be necessary.